“
“Ethyl 6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tribenzyl-1-D-thioglucoside and ethyl 6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tribenzyl-1-D-thiogalactoside, as a mixture of anomers, were employed in the study of the influence of solvent in the stereoselectivity of the glycosylation reaction with small and reactive acceptors. High alpha-selectivities were obtained in the glycosylation reactions using NIS/TfOH as activator and ethyl ether as the solvent at -60 degrees C. Other solvent mixtures such as dichloromethane, THF. THF/ethyl ether and toluene/dioxane were not

nearly as selective. click here The corresponding thiogalactoside underwent similar glycosylations with the same solvents but with low anomer selectivity. These glycosides are key intermediates for the synthesis of new analogues of compatible

solutes. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that ultrasound (US) guidance may reduce the minimum effective anesthetic volume (MEAV(50)) of 1.5% mepivacaine required to block the sciatic nerve with a subgluteal approach compared with neurostimulation (NS).\n\nMETHODS: After premedication and single-injection femoral nerve block, 60 patients undergoing knee arthroscopy were randomly allocated to receive a sciatic nerve block with either NS (n = 30) or US (n = 30). In the selleckchem US group, the sciatic nerve was localized between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter. In the selleck products NS group, the appropriate muscular response (foot plantar flexion or inversion) was elicited (1.5 mA, 2 Hz, 0.1 ms) and maintained to <= 0.5 mA. The volume of the injected

local anesthetic was varied for consecutive patients based on an up-and-down method, according to the response of the previous patient. The initial volume was 12 mL. An independent observer evaluated the occurrence of complete loss of pinprick sensation and motor block: positive or negative responses within 20 min after the injection determined a 2-mL decrease or increase for the next patient, respectively.\n\nRESULTS: The mean MEAV(50) for sciatic nerve block was 12 mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 10-23 mL) in Group US and 19 mL (95% CI, 15-23 mL) in Group NS (P < 0.001). The effective dose in 95% of cases was 14 mL (95% Cl, 12-17 mL) in Group US and 29 mL (95% CI, 25-40 mL) in Group NS (P = 0.008).\n\nCONCLUSIONS: US provided a 37% reduction in the MEAV(50) of 1.5% mepivacaine required to block the sciatic nerve compared with NS. (Anesth Analg 2009;109:1674-8)”
“Background-The aim of the current study was to investigate incidence and causes of surgical interventions in primarily nontreated aortic segments after previous aortic repair in patients with Marfan syndrome.\n\nMethods and Results-Retrospective analysis of 86 consecutive Marfan syndrome patients fulfilling Ghent criteria that underwent 136 aortic surgeries and were followed at this institution in the past 15 years.