Recently, the pK(a) value of this cysteine in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis NrdH-redoxins were determined, but structural insights explaining the relatively low pK(a) remained elusive. We subjected C. glutamicum NrdH-redoxin to an extensive molecular dynamics simulation to expose the factors regulating the pK(a) of the nucleophilic cysteine. We found that the nucleophilic cysteine receives three hydrogen bonds from residues within

the CVQC active site motif. Additionally, a fourth hydrogen bond with a lysine located N-terminal of CCI-779 the active site further lowers the cysteine pK(a). However, site-directed mutagenesis data show that the major contribution to the lowering of the cysteine pK(a) comes from the positive charge of the lysine and not from the additional Lys-Cys hydrogen bond. In 12% of the NrdH-redoxin family, this lysine is replaced by SB273005 Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor an arginine that also lowers the cysteine pK(a). All together, the

four hydrogen bonds and the electrostatic effect of a lysine or an arginine located N-terminally of the active site dynamically regulate the pK(a) of the nucleophilic cysteine in NrdH-redoxins.”
“Objective. The aim of this research was to characterize hospitalizations associated with discharges against medical advice (DAMA) in a large, population-based data system. Materials and methods. This was a retrospective cohort study on 11 436 500 hospital admissions. The hospital discharge records for residents of the Veneto region (north-east Italy) discharged from 2001 to 2012, from both public and accredited private hospitals, were considered. The DAMA rate was calculated by type of hospital admission, excluding patients who died. The time trend of the DAMA rate was charted from the average annual percent changes. Results. During the

period considered, 66 549 DAMA were recorded, amounting to an overall DAMA rate of 6.0 parts per thousand admissions. Analyzing the diagnostic categories, admissions for substance abuse (drugs or alcohol) and dependence coincided with the highest DAMA rate (83.5 parts per thousand), followed by poisoning (40.2 parts per thousand), MK-0518 research buy psychiatric disorders (24.7 parts per thousand), traumas (21.1 parts per thousand), HIV-related diseases (19.9 parts per thousand), burns (10.5 parts per thousand), and – for women – issues relating to pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period (11.2 parts per thousand). The DAMA rate dropped from 6.72 to 5.55 from 2000 to 2008, then remained stable. Conclusion. The DAMA rate dropped slightly over the period considered. Several diagnostic categories are associated with a higher likelihood of patients leaving hospital against their doctor’s advice.”
“The cellular innate immune system plays a crucial role in mounting the initial resistance to virus infection. It is comprised of various pattern-recognition receptors that induce type I interferon production, which further shapes the adaptive immunity.

In this study, we examined the phylogeny of Prunus, including an expanded sampling of species from tropical regions in Southeast Etomoxir Metabolism inhibitor Asia and the Americas, using sequences from four plastid markers and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. A penalized likelihood method was used to estimate the absolute age of Prunus and the timing of infrageneric cladogenic events. The geographic origin of Prunus and

ancestral sites of cladogenesis were inferred using the Bayes-DIVA approach. Our results indicate that the modern genus appeared similar to 61 Myr in eastern Asia and that diversification of all major lineages may have been triggered by the global warming period of the early Eocene. In addition, our molecular dating estimates suggest that the crown clade that includes the temperate deciduous crop species is older than the one that includes the tropical evergreen species, while incongruence

between plastid and nuclear phylogenies suggests that the latter lineage originated via an ancient hybridization event. The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the temperate crop species was a component of the continuous boreotropical forests of the Northern Hemisphere, while the MRCA of the tropical species represented the last remains of GSK923295 the boreotropical elements and subsequently radiated throughout the Old and New World tropics from refugial areas at lower latitudes. Complex biogeographic histories leading to the present global distribution of the genus were driven by several geologic events, climatic oscillations, and independent dispersals across continents via the Bering and the North Atlantic Land Bridges during find more different geologic time periods. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Slope

instability and foundation liquefaction caused by earthquakes are important research issues in geotechnical earthquake engineering. To analyse the effect of foundation liquefaction on the laws of slope acceleration, deformation and stability, the dynamic slope responses to a saturated foundation are studied and compared using nonlinear dynamic finite element methods based on the equivalent viscoelastic constitutive and elastic plastic constitutive models. The influence of a saturated foundation on the characteristics of dynamic pore pressure in the foundation, seismic acceleration and slope deformation is verified and analysed using a dynamic centrifuge model test. The dynamic pore pressure in the foundation greatly increases and results in foundation liquefaction. Therefore, heavy slope deformation caused by foundation liquefaction has a strong effect on slope instability during an earthquake. In addition, the dynamic true-coupled consolidation method is found to be superior to the quasi-coupled consolidation method.

Relaxation of the photogenerated carriers

through these states appears to be biexponential with a fast component on the order of 3-5 ps and the slower component around 40-90 ps depending on the states being probed. Transient absorption intensity measurements reveal that recombination mechanisms such as Auger and bimolecular become contributing factors to the relaxation dynamics for absorbed fluences larger than 90 mu J/cm(2). In the low fluence regime, time-correlated single photon counting photoluminescence measurements revealed a nonradiative relaxation mechanism with time constants ranging from 0.6-1 ns and a radiative relaxation with a time constant of approximately 4 ns. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3520589]“
“Purpose: To evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for occupying lesions of kidney and bladder. Materials and Methods: CEUS Pevonedistat Ubiquitin inhibitor was performed for a total of 50 kidney and bladder occupying lesions in 47 cases, and CEUS manifestations

of these lesions were observed and analyzed. Patterns of dynamic changes in perfusion phases of CEUS were summarized and compared with results of postoperative pathology, enhanced computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and follow-ups. Results: CEUS results showed that there were 22 cases of malignant renal tumors, 11 cases of benign lesions, two cases of renal column hypertrophy, and 12 cases of malignant bladder tumors (15 lesions). Renal

cell carcinoma exhibited various CEUS manifestation, with the majority showing fast filling and hyper-enhancement. Liproxstatin-1 supplier CEUS manifestation of renal hamartoma was characterized by slow filling and slow outflow. Renal cystic lesions always exhibited no enhancement within the cysts. Renal column hypertrophy exhibited the same enhancement pattern as the renal cortex. CEUS manifestation of bladder carcinoma was mainly characterized by quick filling, quick outflow, and hyperenhancement. www.selleckchem.com/products/Neratinib(HKI-272).html Conclusions: CEUS offers real-time observation of perfusion in occupying lesions of kidney and bladder, but the enhancement pattern of kidney occupying lesions was complex; therefore, combination of enhanced CT. MRI, and CEUS may be necessary. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“An investigation of the electrochemical oxidation of glycerol as alternative to hydrogen and methane in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on a noble metal-free anode catalyst was carried out. The anode electrocatalyst consisted of a Ni-modified La(0.6)Sr(0.4)Fe(0.8)Co(0.2)O(3) (LSFCO) perovskite. After thermal activation, air treatment at 1100 degrees C followed by reduction at 800 degrees C in H(2), Ni was mainly present as ultrafine La(2)NiO(4) particles homogeneously dispersed on the perovskite surface. The thermal activation also caused a modification of perovskite into a lanthanum depleted structure. The thermal reduction at 800 degrees C determined the occurrence of metallic Ni on the surface.

Recent data suggest that dendritic cells in lymph nodes are more prone to apoptosis, which correlates with disease progression. In addition, plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from blood showed a semi-mature phenotype after HIV-1 exposure, which coincided

with persistent IFN-alpha secretion. Emerging data show that semi-mature dendritic cells induce regulatory T cells LBH589 and suppress effector function. There may therefore be mechanisms by which HIV-1 affects dendritic cell immune stimulation and, in doing so, interferes with the elicitation of anti-HIV-1 responses.\n\nSummary\n\nUnderstanding how dendritic cells are functionally altered during

HIV-1 infection is crucial for the development of new immune-therapy strategies including approaches to target dendritic cells with antigen in vivo or ex vivo to induce efficient adaptive anti-HIV immunity.”
“Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the intermetallic compound TbAgAl have been investigated. Temperature dependence of magnetization data revealed that TbAgAl exhibits magnetic ordering at 59 K and possesses competing ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic 4-Hydroxytamoxifen solubility dmso interactions, which leads to the formation of Griffiths-like phase. The field dependence of magnetization data shows the existence of a metamagnetic-like transition at a critical field of 10 kOe. Unusually potent relaxation effects are seen in the time dependence of magnetization data in the ordered phase. The presence of spin-glass-like state is found to affect magnetocaloric properties of this compound.”
“The present manuscript reports the design, synthesis and characterization of three star-shaped polymers consisting see more of three different arylimides such as perylene (PR)-, naphthalene (NT)- and benzene (BZ) tetracarboxylicdiimide as core and polyfluorene

(PF) as arms. Chemical structure of star-shaped polymers was aimed at broadening as much as possible their absorption profile. Arylimide cored star polymers (PF-BZ, PF-NT and PF-PR) were prepared through palladium catalyzed Suzuki polycondensation to tune the band gap of the polymers. The prepared polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, GPC, UV-Vis, photoluminescence and cyclic voltammetry studies. Electrochemical and optical responses of three polymers revealed the lowering of band gap from linear PF to star-shaped polymers. TCSPC study confirmed the partial energy transfer from PF arms to arylimide cores. The unexpected keto defect in linear PF was also reduced by preparation of star polymer with large arylimide cores. TGA exhibited the enhancement of thermal stability of star polymer than linear PF.

(C) 2008 Wiley-Liss. Inc.”
“We evaluated whether prepubertal children treated with valproic acid did not gain excessive weight. This retrospective study of children with epilepsy, aged < 12 years at enrollment, examined weight gain associated with valproic acid or carbamazepine monotherapy. There was no significant difference between the valproic acid (n = 31) and carbamazepine (n = 49) treated groups in average duration of therapy or mean age. Body mass index scores at the beginning and end of the study were used to evaluate weight gain, while compensating for gains in height. For valproic acid,

the linear mixed model detected no gain in body mass index z-scores over time (T = 0.25, DF = 17.3, P = 0.80), though it detected a significant gain in body mass index z-scores for carbamazepine (T = 2.32, https://www.selleckchem.com/products/17-AAG(Geldanamycin).html DF = 36.7, P = 0.02). Results for McNemar chi-square tests were similar. No significant proportion change occurred among children on valproic acid (X-2 = 2.0, P = 0.15), whereas

a significant increase in the proportion of overweight children occurred on carbamazepine (X-2 = 4.5, P = 0.03). We detected no excessive weight gain for children on valproic acid, whereas this was demonstrated for a similar socioeconomic group on carbamazepine. (C) 2008 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“We have developed a ‘postprocessing’ method LY2606368 cell line for modeling biochemical processes such as protein folding under crowded conditions (Qin and Zhou 2009 Biophys. J. 97 12-19). In contrast to the direct simulation approach, in which the protein undergoing folding is simulated along with crowders, the postprocessing method requires only the folding simulation without crowders. The influence of the crowders is then obtained by taking conformations GW4869 clinical trial from the crowder-free simulation and calculating the free energies of transferring to the crowders. This postprocessing yields the folding free energy surface of the protein under crowding. Here the postprocessing results for the folding of three small

proteins under ‘repulsive’ crowding are validated by those obtained previously by the direct simulation approach (Mittal and Best 2010 Biophys. J. 98 315-20). This validation confirms the accuracy of the postprocessing approach and highlights its distinct advantages in modeling biochemical processes under cell-like crowded conditions, such as enabling an atomistic representation of the test proteins.”
“A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated CL-ES53(T), was isolated from surface water of the East Sea in Korea. Cells of strain CL-ES53(T) were short rods and motile by means of monopolar flagella. Strain CL-ES53(T) grew with 4-21% NaCl (optimum 10%) and at 5-40 degrees C (optimum 25 degrees C) and pH 5.2-8.8 (optimum pH 6.3-7.2). The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major fatty acids were C(18:1)omega 7c (42.0%), C(18:1)omega 9c (14.8%) and C(14:0) (9.4%).

The developmental profile of intrinsic axons also varies between cortical areas: those in V1, for example, undergo an early proliferation followed by pruning and local consolidation into adulthood, whereas those in area TE tend to establish their

territory and consolidate it into adulthood with little pruning. We correlate the anatomical findings with the electrophysiological properties of cells in the different cortical areas, including membrane time MK-2206 PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor constant, depolarizing sag, duration of individual action potentials, and spike-frequency adaptation. All of the electrophysiological variables ramped up before 7 months of age in V1, but continued to ramp up over a protracted period of time in area TE. These data suggest that the anatomical and electrophysiological profiles of pyramidal cells vary among cortical areas at birth, and continue to diverge into adulthood. Moreover, the data reveal that the “use it or lose it” notion of synaptic reinforcement may speak to only part of the story,” use it but you still might lose it” may be just as prevalent in the cerebral cortex.”
“Emotional memories represent the core of human and animal life and drive future choices and behaviors.

Early research involving brain lesion studies in animals lead to the idea that the auditory cortex participates LY2835219 molecular weight in emotional learning by processing the sensory features of auditory stimuli paired with emotional consequences and by transmitting this information to the amygdala. Nevertheless, electrophysiological and imaging studies revealed that, following emotional experiences, the auditory cortex undergoes learning-induced changes that are highly specific, associative KPT-8602 cell line and long lasting.

These studies suggested that the role played by the auditory cortex goes beyond stimulus elaboration and transmission. Here, we discuss three major perspectives created by these data. In particular, we analyze the possible roles of the auditory cortex in emotional learning, we examine the recruitment of the auditory cortex during early and late memory trace encoding, and finally we consider the functional interplay between the auditory cortex and subcortical nuclei, such as the amygdala, that process affective information. We conclude that, starting from the early phase of memory encoding, the auditory cortex has a more prominent role in emotional learning, through its connections with subcortical nuclei, than is typically acknowledged. (C) 2015 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Odiparcil is a novel, orally active beta-D-thioxyloside analog with antithrombotic activity associated with a reduced risk of adverse bleeding events. Its unique mechanism of action is postulated by means of an elevation in circulating endogenous chondroitin sulfate-related glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) levels.

When mFOLFIRINOX is coupled with aggressive surgery, high resection rates are possible even when the initial imaging shows locally advanced disease. Although data are still maturing, resection appears to offer at least a progression-free survival advantage.”
“Arenaviruses cause acute hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality. Entry of the virus into the host cell is mediated by the viral envelope glycoprotein, GPC. In contrast to other class I viral envelope glycoproteins, the mature GPC complex contains a cleaved stable signal peptide (SSP) in addition to the canonical receptor-binding (G1) and transmembrane fusion (G2) subunits. SSP is critical for

intracellular transport of the GPC complex to the cell surface and for its membrane-fusion activity. Previous studies LCL161 Apoptosis inhibitor have suggested that SSP is retained in GPC through interaction with a zinc-binding domain (ZBD) in the cytoplasmic tail of G2. Here selleck chemicals llc we used NMR spectroscopy to determine the structure of Junin virus (JUNV) ZBD (G2 residues 445-485) and investigate its interaction with a conserved Cys residue (Cys-57) in SSP. We show that JUNV ZBD displays a novel fold containing two

zinc ions. One zinc ion is coordinated by His-447, His-449, Cys-455, and His-485. The second zinc ion is coordinated by His-459, Cys-467, and Cys-469 and readily accepts Cys-57 from SSP as the fourth ligand. Our studies describe the structural basis for retention

of the unique SSP subunit and suggest a mechanism whereby SSP is positioned in the GPC complex to modulate pH-dependent membrane fusion.”
“The infrared spectrum of the nu(3) band of an OCS (carbonyl sulfide) molecule embedded inside pure He-3 droplets of about 12 x 10(3) atoms reported in 1998 [S. Grebenev, J. P. Toennies, and A. F. Vilesov, Science 279, 2083 (1998)] is carefully evaluated. The spectrum, which consists of a broad central peak and a distinct shoulder at lower energy, was analyzed by assuming unresolved rotational line structure of either a linear or a symmetric top. In each case the spectrum was fitted using either Lorentzian or Gaussian peak shapes with a preassigned fixed temperature of 0.15 K or a best fit temperature. Many of the fits describe the spectra nearly equally well and indicate broad R(0), R(1), learn more and P(1) peaks but no Q-branch, a moment of inertia which is about a factor six greater than for the free molecule, and a temperature of 0.07 +/- 0.06 K which is significantly less than 0.15 K determined for mixed He-3/He-4 droplets. The increased moment of inertia is consistent with about 11 attached He-3 atoms which take part in the end-over-end rotations of the chromophore. The large line widths are attributed to creation of particle-hole pair excitations in the fermionic droplets. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.

05) in the dry period, and click here sperm concentration and total defects showed lower values during the rainy season. Values for acrosome integrity and plasma membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential were lower (P smaller than 0.05) in the dry season. It is concluded that the wet and dry period influence sperm quality in ram raised in the Mid – North region of Brazil, with a higher sperm quality in the rainy season,

thus suggesting cryopreservation for that period. Also, the better ram group regarding sperm quality, was the Santa Ines.”
“Whisking and sniffing are predominant aspects of exploratory behaviour in rodents. Yet the neural mechanisms that generate and coordinate these and other orofacial motor patterns

remain largely uncharacterized. Here we use anatomical, behavioural, electrophysiological and pharmacological tools to show that whisking and sniffing are coordinated by respiratory centres in the ventral medulla. We delineate a distinct region in the ventral medulla that provides rhythmic input to the facial motor neurons that drive protraction of the vibrissae. Neuronal output from this region is reset at each inspiration by direct input from the pre-Botzinger complex, such that high-frequency Epacadostat supplier sniffing has a one-to-one relationship with whisking, whereas basal respiration is accompanied by intervening whisks that occur between breaths. We conjecture that the respiratory nuclei, which project to other

premotor regions for oral and facial control, function as a master clock for behaviours that coordinate with breathing.”
“Background Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Escherichia (E.) coli has been reported in learn more China since 2008. However, there is no information about the molecular epidemiology of KPC-producing E. coli in China. In this study, we aimed to investigate the sequence type (ST) and characteristics of KPC-producing E. coli isolates in China.\n\nMethods Three carbapenem-resistant isolates of E. coli (E1, E2, and E3) from one teaching hospital in Hangzhou covering a one year period were analyzed. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Etest. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used for epidemiological analysis. The genetic structure around bla(KPC), the major plasmid incompatibility typing, and the identification of beta-lactamase gene types were performed by PCR and the positive products were subsequently sequenced. Plasmids were analyzed by transformation, restriction, and Southern blotting.\n\nResults PFGE demonstrated that patterns of isolates El and E2 were clonally-related and designated as patterns A1 and A2; pattern of isolate E3 was different and designated as pattern B.

3% patients showing a decrease during the interstage period. Total number of medications prescribed to a patient showed a negative correlation with the interstage change in z-score (r = -0.19, P =.002). On univariable Selleckchem Pfizer Licensed Compound Library comparisons, use of metoclopramide and lansoprazole were associated with decreased z-score (P =.004 and.041, respectively) although linear regression failed to identify any agent as independent predictor. Conclusions. Children with single ventricle have high mortality and a profound medication burden. No individual medication is independently associated with better survival

or weight gain during interstage period. Despite widespread use, proton pump inhibitors and prokinetic agents are not associated with better outcomes and may be associated with poor growth.”
“Introduction: Chronic immune activation is associated with the accelerated progression of HIV to AIDS; however, affordable markers reflecting this have not yet been determined. The percentage of large unstained cells (%LUCs) is a differential count parameter measured by certain routine hematology analyzers and reflects activated lymphocytes and peroxidase-negative cells. We hypothesized that the %LUCs would be increased in HIV infection and would

correlate with markers of immune activation [i.e. CD38 expression on CD8+ T cells Selleck Staurosporine (%CD38onCD8) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP)] and CD4 counts. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 78 HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy-naive adults and 52 uninfected controls were recruited. %CD38onCD8 and CD4 counts were determined by flow cytonnetry, LBP levels were assessed by immunoassay, SBE-β-CD purchase and the %LUCs was tested on a Siemens ADVIA 2120. Results: Significant

differences were found between the HIV-infected and control groups for %LUCs (95% Cl 2.3-2.7 vs. 1.8-2.2, respectively; p = 0.001), as well as for %CD38onCD8, LBP, and CD4 counts. Furthermore, %LUCs correlated directly with %CD38onCD8 and LBP and inversely with CD4 counts. Conclusion: The %LUCs was significantly increased in this untreated, asymptomatic, HIV-infected group and correlated with markers of immune activation and CD4 counts. Therefore, the %LUCs may be of value in identifying HIV-infected patients at risk of accelerated disease progression. (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“The structure evolution of all-polymer solar cells based on the blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly[(9,9-dioctyluorene)-2,7-diyl-alt-(4,7-bis(3-hexylthien-5-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-2',2 ''-diyl] (F8TBT) was investigated. The P3HT/F8TBT system exhibits crystallization-driven structure formation similar to the P3HT/phenyl-C-61-butyricacidmethylester (PCBM) blend despite the existence of a miscibility gap, which was determined for a blend containing regio-random P3HT. The lamellar crystallization of regio-regular P3HT was not perturbed by the addition of F8TBT.

First, oxysterols are already present in fresh semen samples, showing that lipid peroxidation is part of normal sperm physiology. After chromatographic separation (by high-performance liquid chromatography), the detected oxysterol species were identified with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry in multiple-reaction-monitoring mode that enabled detection in a broad and linear concentration range (0.05-100 pmol for this website each oxysterol species detected). Second, exposure of living sperm cells to oxidative stress does not result in the same level and composition of oxysterol species compared with oxidative stress imposed on reconstituted vesicles from

protein-free sperm lipid extracts. This suggests that living sperm cells protect themselves against elevated oxysterol formation. Third, sperm capacitation induces the formation of oxysterols, and these formed oxysterols are almost completely depleted from the sperm surface by albumin. Fourth, and most importantly, capacitation after freezing/thawing of sperm fails to induce both the formation of oxysterols and the subsequent albumin-dependent depletion of oxysterols from the sperm surface. The possible physiological relevance of capacitation-dependent

oxysterol formation and depletion at the sperm surface as well as the omission of this after freezing/thawing semen is discussed.”
“Background: Risk stratification schemes Selleckchem Apoptosis Compound Library assessing stroke and thromboembolism (stroke/TE) Entinostat chemical structure and bleeding relating to atrial fibrillation (AF) have largely been derived and validated in Western populations. We assessed risk factors that constitute scores for assessing stroke/TE (CHADS(2), CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc) and bleeding (HAS-BLED), and the predictive value of these scores in a large cohort of Chinese patients with AF.\n\nMethods

and results: We studied 1034 AF patients (27.1% female, median age 75; 85.6% non-anticoagulated) with mean follow-up of 1.9 years. On multivariate analysis, vascular disease was independently associated with stroke/TE in non-anticoagulated patients (p=0.04). In patients with a CHADS(2) or CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score=1, the rate of stroke/TE was 2.9% and 0.9% respectively, but in patients at “high risk” (scores >= 2), this rate was 4.6% and 4.5%, respectively. The c-statistics for predicting stroke/TE with CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc were 0.58 (p=0.109) and 0.72 (p<0.001), respectively. Compared to CHADS(2), the use of CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc would result in a Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) of 16.6% (p=0.009) and an Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) of 1.1% (p=0.002). Cumulative survival of the patients with a CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score >= 2 was decreased compared to those with a CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score 0-1 (p<0.001), but the CHADS(2) was not predictive of mortality. There was an increased risk of major bleeding with increasing HAS-BLED score (c-statistic 0.61, 95% CI: 0.51-0.71, p=0.042).