Liver Transpl 21:419-422, 2015. (c) 2015 AASLD.”
“This study examined whether long-term abacus based mental calculation (AMC) training improved numerical processing efficiency and at what stage of information see more processing the effect appeard. Thirty-three children participated in the study and were randomly assigned to two groups at primary school entry, matched for age, gender and IQ. All children went through the same curriculum except that the abacus group received a 2-h/per week AMC training, while the control group did traditional numerical practice for a similar amount of time. After a 2-year training, they

were tested with a numerical Stroop task. Electroencephalographic (EEG) and event related potential (ERP) recording techniques were used to monitor the temporal dynamics during the task. Children were required to determine the LY2835219 mw numerical magnitude (NC) (NC task) or the physical size (PC task) of two numbers presented simultaneously. In the NC task, the AMC group showed faster response times but similar accuracy compared to the control group. In the PC task, the two groups exhibited the same speed and accuracy. The saliency of numerical information relative to physical information

was greater in AMC group. With regards to ERP results, the AMC group displayed congruity effects both in the earlier (N1) and later (N2 and LPC (late positive component) time domain, while the control group only displayed congruity effects for LPC. In the left parietal region, LPC amplitudes were larger FK228 datasheet for the AMC than the control group. Individual differences for LPC amplitudes over left parietal area showed a positive correlation with RTs in the NC task in both congruent and neutral conditions. After controlling for the N2 amplitude, this correlation also became significant in the incongruent condition. Our results suggest that AMC training can strengthen the relationship between symbolic representation and numerical magnitude so

that numerical information processing becomes quicker and automatic in AMC children.”
“Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that hematopoiesis, especially erythropoiesis, is disturbed in heart failure (HF) for many reasons. Low hemoglobin and red blood cell distribution width have emerged as prognostic indicators of HF independent of classic predictors. The prognostic implication of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in HF, however, is unknown. In this context, we investigated the relationship between MCV and prognosis of acute decompensated HF (ADHF).\n\nMethods and Results: This retrospective cohort study consisted of 458 consecutive patients with ADHF who had emergency admission to hospital.

Freshly isolated primary tubule segments from wt mice were co-incubated with thick ascending limb (TAL) segments freshly isolated from mice expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene (same genetic background) to determine whether FasL-mediated killing of tubular cells is an autocrine or paracrine mechanism. Cisplatin-stimulated primary segments induced apoptosis in

the GFP-tagged TAL cells, an effect blocked by MFL3. Thus, our study shows that cisplatin-induced MK-1775 solubility dmso nephropathy is mediated through FasL, functionally expressed on tubular cells that are capable of inducing death of cells of adjacent tubules. Kidney International (2011) 79, 159-178; doi:10.1038/ki.2010.317; published online 1 September 2010″
“Ethnopharmacological β-Nicotinamide relevance: Ginseng-Aconite Decoction (GAD), a traditional oriental medicine composed of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. (Araliaceae) and Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. (Ranunculaceae) has been used as treatment for cardiovascular diseases from Song Dynasty of China. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible mechanisms of GAD-induced positive inotropic effect.\n\nMaterial and methods: GAD-induced changes in atrial dynamics

and cAMP efflux were determined in isolated perfused beating rabbit atria.\n\nResults: GAD significantly increased atrial dynamics such as stroke volume, pulse KPT-8602 concentration pressure and augmented cAMP efflux in beating rabbit atria. The inotropic effect was significantly attenuated by pre-treatment with KB-R7943, a reverse mode Na+/Ca2+ exchanger blocker. The GAD-induced increase in atrial dynamics was also markedly inhibited by staurosporine, a non-selective protein kinase inhibitor, and partly blocked by KT5720, a selective PICA inhibitor. The effect of GAD on atrial dynamics was not altered by

pre-treatment with propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitor, or diltiazem, an L-type Ca(2+)channel blocker. The phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) failed to modulate the GAD-induced increase in atrial dynamics, but markedly attenuated cAMP efflux in the beating atria.\n\nConclusion: These results suggest that the GAD-induced positive inotropic effect in beating rabbit atria may be attributable to stimulation of the reverse mode Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, while PKA activity would, at least in part, be participated in the course. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: To prospectively evaluate a 2-dimensional transit dosimetry algorithm’s performance on a patient population and to analyze the issues that would arise in a widespread clinical adoption of transit electronic portal imaging device (EPID) dosimetry.\n\nMethods and Materials: Eleven patients were enrolled on the protocol; 9 completed and were analyzed.

Exclusions included alcohol/drug misuse, suicidal plan or recent attempt, bipolar disorder, PD0325901 developmental delay, and seeing a psychiatrist. INTERVENTIONS Twelve-month collaborative care intervention including an initial in-person engagement session and regular follow-up by master’s-level clinicians. Usual care control youth received depression screening results and could access mental health services through Group Health. MAIN

OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was change in depressive symptoms on a modified version of the Child Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R; score range, 14-94) from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes included change in Columbia Impairment Scale score (CIS), depression response ( bigger than = 50% decrease on the CDRS-R), and remission (PHQ-9 score

smaller than 5). RESULTS Intervention youth (n = 50), compared with those randomized to receive usual care (n = 51), had greater decreases in CDRS-R scores such that by 12 months intervention youth had a mean score of 27.5 (95% CI, 23.8-31.1) compared with 34.6 (95% CI, 30.6-38.6) in Selleckchem Sotrastaurin control youth (overall intervention effect: F-2,F-747.3 = 7.24, P smaller than .001). Both intervention and control youth experienced improvement on the CIS with no significant differences between groups. At 12 months, intervention youth were more likely than control youth to achieve depression response (67.6% vs 38.6%, OR = 3.3, 95% CI, 1.4-8.2; P = .009) and remission (50.4% vs 20.7%, OR = 3.9, 95% CI, 1.5-10.6; P = .007). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among adolescents with depression seen in primary care, a collaborative care intervention resulted in greater improvement in depressive symptoms at 12 months than usual care. These findings suggest that mental health services for adolescents with depression can be integrated into primary care. Copyright

2014 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.”
“Introduction: find more Sorafenib (Nexavar) is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor targeting B-type Raf kinase BRAF) (both wild type and BRAF(V600E)), VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFR beta and RET (also RET/PTC) influencing both differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Areas covered: Encouraging results achieved in numerous Phase II trials were confirmed in a Phase III study conducted in radioiodine-refractory DTC. Sorafenib compared to placebo significantly prolongs progression-free survival, 10.8 versus 5.8 months, respectively. However, its administration resulted mainly in disease stabilization. No complete remission was obtained in any study. Beneficial effects were also demonstrated for medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancer; however further studies fulfilling evidence based medicine criteria are necessary. Its toxicity profile is convergent with other VEGFR inhibitors.

The PCL nanoparticles containing about 12.5% (w/w) of the naproxen (sample A3) was chosen for complementary studies of stability and in vivo release in rats. Nanoparticles did not suffer alteration during stability studies. In vivo release was sustained by one month. Thus, nanoparticles showed potential to act as an implantable sustained EPZ015666 molecular weight release system for chronic inflammatory

diseases use.”
“Faulty epigenetic reprogramming of somatic nuclei is likely to be a major cause of low success observed in all mammals produced through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). It has been demonstrated that the developmental competence of SCNT embryos in several species were significantly enhanced via treatment of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) such as trichostatin A (TSA) to increase histone acetylation. Here we report that 50 nM TSA for 10 h after activation increased the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos constructed from Landrace

fetal fibroblast cells (FFCs) in Navitoclax vitro and in vivo, but not at higher concentrations. Therefore, we optimized the application of another novel HDACi, Scriptaid, for development of porcine SCNT embryos. We found that treatment with 500 nM Scriptaid significantly enhanced the development SCNT embryos to the blastocyst stage when outbred Landrace FFCs and ear fibroblast cells (EFCs) were used as donors compared to the untreated group. Scriptaid increased the overall cloning efficiency from 0.4% (untreated group)

to 1.6% for Landrace FFCs and 0 to 3.7% for Landrace EFCs. Moreover, treatment of SCNT embryos with Scriptaid improved the histone acetylation on Histone H4 at lysine 8 (AcH4K8) click here in a pattern similar to that of the in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos.”
“Purpose: Individuals who experience stroke have a higher likelihood of subsequent stroke events, making it imperative to plan for future medical care. In the event of a further serious health event, engaging in the process of advanced care planning (ACP) can help family members and health care professionals (HCPs) make medical decisions for individuals who have lost the capacity to do so. Few studies have explored the views and experiences of patients with stroke about discussing their wishes and preferences for future medical events, and the extent to which stroke HCPs engage in conversations around planning for such events. In this study, we sought to understand how the process of ACP unfolded between HCPs and patients post-stroke. Patients and methods: Using grounded theory (GT) methodology, we engaged in direct observation of HCP and patient interactions on an acute stroke unit and two stroke rehabilitation units. Using semi-structured interviews, 14 patients and four HCPs were interviewed directly about the ACP process.

Immunoblot RG-7388 manufacturer analysis of cell lysates revealed a reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression as well as expression of members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase survival pathways. In vitro, ABT-510 induced tumor cell apoptosis in mouse and human ovarian cancer cells. This study shows ABT-510 as a promising candidate for inhibiting tumor growth and ascites formation in human EOC. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(1):64-74]“
“Background: The level of HIV-1 integrated DNA in CD4 T cells was reported to predict the evolution of untreated HIV-1 infection independently of CD4 cell counts

or plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. However, the relevance of reservoir level while on efficient antiretroviral therapy (ART) is still unknown.\n\nObjectives: To evaluate factors that may contribute to the establishment and BX-795 mw maintenance of HIV-1

reservoir size in ART-treated HIV-1-infected adults with complete suppression of viremia.\n\nStudy design: 35 subjects receiving ART with plasma HIV-1 RNA below the limit of detection for an average duration of 3.2 years were studied. A highly sensitive PCR was used to assess HIV-1 integrated DNA levels in sorted CD4 T cells.\n\nResults: The mean HIV-1 integrated DNA was 300 +/- 7 copies/10(6) CD4 cells (range 10-1408). In univariate analysis, the levels of HIV-1 proviral DNA appeared to be independent of duration of HIV-1-infection, duration on ART, time since HIV-1 viral load was undetectable, delay between HIV-1 infection and starting ART, or viral load before starting ART. Conversely,

CD4 T cell nadir, CD4/CD8 ratio and, to lesser degree, CD4 T cell counts were inversely associated with HIV-1 proviral DNA levels. In multivariate analysis, only CD4 T cell nadir significantly predicted levels of HIV-1 proviral DNA (P = 0.025).\n\nConclusions: CD4 T cell nadir strongly predicted reservoir size independently of other factors in HIV-1-infected adults with complete suppression of viremia. Collectively, these results indicate that the extent of CD4 T cell depletion before ART drives the size of the viral reservoir after Small molecule library prolonged therapy. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.”
“Reactions between a series of nonenolisable aldehydes and tris(dimethylsilyl)methyllithium, (HMe2Si)3CLi, are described. The Peterson reaction takes place readily to give vinylbis(silanes). Moreover, styrene and butyl acrylate 1:1 copolymer (P), prepared by use of ,’-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as an initiator in toluene at 701C, was formylated via direct electophilic substitution by methyl dichloromethyl ether (Cl2CHOMe) in the presence of tin(IV) chloride (SnCl4) in nitrobenzene (PhNO2) as solvent. The reaction of (HMe2Si)3CLi with formyl groups on the side chains of the copolymer led to new macromolecules bearing vinylbis(silane) functional groups.

This presentation showed that thymic neuroendocrine tumor could

be the first manifestation of the MEN1 syndrome and it might be diagnosed as a dominant manifestation of this syndrome PF-04929113 Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor in a family. We suggest biochemical or genetic screening for MEN-1 syndrome for patients with thymic carcinoid.”
“One successful approach to obtaining high-resolution crystal structures of G-protein coupled receptors is the introduction of thermostabilising mutations within the receptor. This technique allows the generation of receptor constructs stabilised into different conformations suitable for structural studies. Previously, we functionally characterised a number of mutants of the adenosine A(2A) receptor, thermostabilised either in an agonist or antagonist conformation, using a yeast cell growth assay and demonstrated that there

is a correlation between thermostability and loss of constitutive activity. Here we report the functional characterisation Proteasome inhibitor of 30 mutants intermediate between the Rag23 (agonist conformation mutant) and the wildtype receptor using the same yeast signalling assay with the aim of gaining greater insight into the role individual amino acids have in receptor function. The data showed that R199 and L208 have important roles in receptor function; substituting either of these residues for alanine abolishes constitutive activity. In addition, the R199A mutation markedly reduces receptor potency while L208A reduces receptor efficacy. A184L and L272A mutations also reduce constitutive activity and potency although to a lesser extent than the R199A and L208A. In contrast, the F79A mutation increases constitutive activity, potency and efficacy of the receptor. These findings shed new light on the role individual residues have on stability

of the receptor and also provide some clues as to the regions of the protein responsible for constitutive activity. Furthermore, https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ON-01910.html the available adenosine A(2A) receptor structures have allowed us to put our findings into a structural context.”
“The Prestice Black-Pied pig (PC) is a genetic resource of the Czech Republic. Information about boar variability has been provided in preceding papers. The objective of this work was to compare genetic variability of boars and sows. A total of 21 microsatellite markers were used to study genetic diversity and population structure of 149 PC breeding animals. In this paper, current parameters of assessments of diversity in PC are listed. All loci were polymorphic, and a total of 167 alleles were observed across the studied loci. The range of alleles was found to be 4 to 15 with a mean of 7.95. Overall allele frequency ranged from 0.07 to 0.25. The calculated observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.70 and 0.73, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.69 and the overall within-population inbreeding estimate (F-IS) was 0.04. Genetic differentiation and population subdivision were tested.

The quartz also has been tested with NU7441 mouse varying doping levels and has the ability to detect neutrons. Source differentiation between (137)Cs and (60)Co has also been demonstrated. [2010-0285]“
“Anthropogenic structures, such as wall surfaces, may change the acoustic environment for signals transmitted by animals, creating novel environments that animals must either adapt to or abandon. Animals can potentially use those structures to manipulate sound characteristics. In many anuran species, successful reproduction depends on long-range propagation and perception of advertisement

calls. Callers may select natural perches or human-made objects to assist call propagation. Male Mientien tree frogs Kurixalus idiootocus frequently perch and call in roadside concrete drainages – miniature urban canyons. We used a combination of field and indoor experiments to test two hypotheses: (1) transmission of calls emitted inside drains is enhanced; (2) males selected perches inside drains that facilitated call transmission. A field survey indicated that male Mientien tree frogs preferred calling inside rather than outside drains. GW3965 order A playback showed that calls emitted from inside drains were enhanced in both amplitude and note duration. In an indoor experiment using a replica of a concrete drain, males preferred one particular type of call perch. However, we found no difference in sound properties between random locations

inside the drain model

and the perch location preferred by calling males.”
“Gene transcription analysis in clinical tumor samples can help with diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancers. We aimed to identify the optimal reference genes for reliable expression analysis in various tumor samples by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Using a one-step TaqMan-based qRT-PCR, 5 commonly used reference genes (ACTB, GAPDH, RPLPO, GUSB, and TFRC) and 10 anticancer drug-related genes (TYMS, RRM1, TUBB3, STMN1,TOP2A, EGFR, VEGFR2, HER2, ERCC1, PFTα cell line and BRCA1) were analyzed in 327 tissue samples from lung, rectal, colon, gastric, esophageal, and breast tumors. According to the expression stability assessments obtained by using three programs (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper) and a comprehensive ranking method, the optimal reference genes for lung, gastric, esophageal, and breast tumors were RPLPO, GAPDH, ACTB, and ACTB, respectively. For rectal tumors, a combination of the 3 most stable genes (GUSB, ACTB, and RPLPO) was suitable for qRT-PCR, whereas for colon tumors, a combination of the 4 most stable genes (GAPDH, ACTB, GUSB, and RPLPO) was optimal for qRT-PCR. Based on the expression data of target genes normalized against selected reference genes, the principal component analysis revealed 4 expression patterns in 6 different tissues. One pattern was observed in gastric rectal, and colon tumor tissues, which are gastrointestinal tumors.

However, none of the three predictions we tested was supported under all experimental conditions, DMH1 inhibitor reiterating that attempts to determine universal factors causing variation in Tb of endotherms may prove challenging. J. Exp. Zool. 317:7382, 2012. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Nine recombinant FixL heme domains from Bradyrhizobium japonicum previously were shown to exhibit mass instability independent of many environmental factors (J.D. Satterlee, C. Suquet, A. Bidwai, J. Erman, L Schwall, R. Jimenez, Biochemistry 47 (2008) 1540-1553). Two of those recombinant proteins were produced in remote laboratories. Mass losses begin

appearing at completion of isolation and comprise a substantial proportion of samples within 1-3 days of storage and handling.

Thus, degradation occurs during the time frame of experiments and crystallization. Detailed understanding of this instability is desired in order to formulate stable heme-PAS sensor domains for experimentation and for a mechanistic interpretation. However, mass spectra of the full length heme-PAS domain, BjFixLH(140-270), are complex by 1-3 days following isolation due to broad features and a high density of overlapping peaks, so that individual peak assignments are at present ambiguous. This stymies direct, quantitative interpretation of the source of the observed mass losses. To solve this dilemma amino-terminal primary sequencing and PXD101 Epigenetics inhibitor MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight) mass spectrometry monitoring of three terminal variants of BjFixLH(140-270) have been achieved. The working buy Nirogacestat hypothesis, that the experimentally observed mass losses originate in the PAS protein sequence termini, has been substantiated. This establishes a basis for interpreting the more complex results from aging full length BjFixLH(140-270). (C)0 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Our aim was to monitor the resistance of Campylobacter isolates from two initial stages of broiler production in 5 grandparent breeder broiler farms (GPBFs)

and 12 parent breeder broiler farms (PBFs) in which no antimicrobials were used during the study. Susceptibility tests were carried out for 805 strains (697 Campylobacter jejuni and 108 Campylobacter coli) against nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, tetracycline, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol using the disk-diffusion method. Quinolone resistance was the most abundant overall (74.9%) and at each stage of production. The second largest resistance was for tetracycline with 48.2%. The resistance against amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol was not found. The percentages of resistance and multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were always higher in the PBFs than in the GPBFs. However, pan-susceptible populations (total 10.3%) were isolated in our survey. C.

2 and DOCK6.2. This indicates that PythDock could be a useful tool to study ligand-receptor interactions and could also be beneficial in structure based drug design.”
“Successful growth and development of the posthatching blastocyst and pregnancy establishment are a result of the interaction between a competent embryo and a receptive

MLN2238 datasheet uterine environment. We examined the global transcriptome profiles of the Day 16 bovine conceptus and pregnant endometrium tissues using RNA-Seq to identify genes that contribute to the dialogue during the period of pregnancy recognition. Using stringent filtering criterion, a total of 16 018 and 16 262 transcripts of conceptus and pregnant endometrium origin, respectively, were identified with distinct tissue-specific expression profiles. Of these, 2261 and 2505 transcripts were conceptus and endometrium specific. Using Cytoscape software, a total of 133 conceptus ligands that interact with corresponding receptors on the endometrium and 121 endometrium ligands that interact with corresponding receptors on the conceptus were identified. While 87 ligands were commonly detected, 46 were conceptus specific and 34 endometrium specific. This study is one of

the first to provide a comprehensive list of potentially secreted molecules in the Pifithrin-α priceSelleck Pifithrin α conceptus that interact with receptors on the endometrium and vice versa during the critical window of maternal recognition of pregnancy. The identified tissue-specific genes may serve as candidates to study pregnancy recognition and they or downstream products may represent ATM/ATR cancer potential early markers of pregnancy.”
“It is posed that protein intake is tightly regulated by the human body. The role of sensory qualities in the satiating effects of protein, however, requires further clarification. Our objective was to determine the effect of within-meal protein content and taste on subsequent food choice and satiety. We used a cross-over design whereby sixty healthy, unrestrained subjects (twenty-three males and thirty-seven females) with a mean age of 20.8 (SD 2.1) years and a mean BMI of 21.5 (SD 1.6) kg/m(2) were offered one

of four isoenergetic preloads (rice meal) for lunch: two low in protein (about 7% energy derived from protein) and two high in Protein (about 25% energy from protein). Both had a sweet and savoury version. At 30 min after preload consumption, subjects were offered an ad libitum buffet, consisting of food products differing in protein content (low/high) and taste (sweet/savoury). In addition, the computerised Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ) was run to assess several components of food reward, The results showed no effect of protein content: of the preloads on subsequent food choice. There was an effect of taste; after eating the savoury preloads, choice and intake of sweet products were higher than of savoury products. No such preference was seen after the sweet preloads.

A new study investigated what impact exercise has on colorectal cancer outcomes. The authors included a large sample size from seven prospective cohort studies and compared levels of physical activity before and after diagnosis with mortality from all causes after diagnosis with colorectal cancer. They found that physical activity, undertaken either before or after diagnosis, reduces colon cancer mortality.”
“Context: Selective school-based alcohol prevention programs targeting youth with personality risk factors for addiction and mental health problems have been found

to reduce substance use and misuse in those with elevated personality profiles.\n\nObjectives: To report 24-month outcomes of the Teacher-Delivered Personality-Targeted Interventions for Substance Misuse Trial (Adventure trial) Blebbistatin mw in which school staff were trained to provide interventions to students with 1 of 4 high-risk (HR) profiles: anxiety sensitivity, hopelessness, impulsivity, and sensation seeking and to examine the indirect herd effects of this program on the broader low-risk (LR) population of students who were not selected for intervention.\n\nDesign: Cluster randomized controlled

trial.\n\nSetting: Secondary schools in London, United Kingdom.\n\nParticipants: A total of 1210 HR and 1433 LR students in the ninth grade (mean learn more [SD] age, 13.7 [0.33] years).\n\nIntervention: Schools were randomized to provide brief personality-targeted interventions to HR youth or treatment as usual (statutory drug education in class).\n\nMain Outcome Measures: Participants were assessed for drinking, binge drinking, and problem drinking before randomization and at 6-monthly intervals for 2 years.\n\nResults: Two-part latent growth models indicated long-term effects of the intervention on drinking rates (beta = -0.320, SE=0.145, P=.03) and binge drinking rates (beta Thiazovivin research buy = -0.400, SE=0.179, P=.03) and growth in binge drinking (beta = -0.716, SE=0.274, P=.009) and problem drinking (beta = -0.452, SE=0.193, P=.02) for HR youth. The HR youth were also

found to benefit from the interventions during the 24-month follow-up on drinking quantity (beta = -0.098, SE=0.047, P=.04), growth in drinking quantity (beta = -0.176, SE=0.073, P=.02), and growth in binge drinking frequency (beta = -0.183, SE=0.092, P=.047). Some herd effects in LR youth were observed, specifically on drinking rates (beta = -0.259, SE=0.132, P=.049) and growth of binge drinking (beta = -0.244, SE=0.073, P=.001), during the 24-month follow-up.\n\nConclusions: Findings further support the personality targeted approach to alcohol prevention and its effectiveness when provided by trained school staff. Particularly novel are the findings of some mild herd effects that result from this selective prevention program. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00776685 JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(3):334-342.